PENESTRATORIUM

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Material

Suspending Objects

Previously, Machine & Tools because it was popular in the way of, a little reprint Saru and Categories.

In the field of media art and installation, you may be suspended from the ceiling and equipment work well.
Means, but things have changed by the situation on the ground or hanging, but it is not difficult to grasp the vital point if there.
Mr. and construction of professional engineers, you can put the precision construction strictly in units of the projector screen 1pixel the house.
To such a high level of construction is required knowledge and skills commensurate, experience, here are the main material and methods used in the ceiling for now.


Suspended material

Gut

The most common ceiling materials. Made of transparent resin, it is difficult to see the benefits. Since not much strength, to hanging of heavy objects is not suitable, however. There is also a drawback because there is a needle knot hard, come gradually and that suspended growth for a long time.

Issue number represents the thickness of the gut, will be higher the number, thick.

Wire

Standard time of the ceiling. Plated wire or iron wire, mainly two types of stainless steel wire. If you want to use for a long period, where you want to select the latter think that the rust. There is also a product subjected to nylon coating on the outside to prevent fraying.

If the wire, the thickness is expressed in mm.

Crimping sleeve

In brackets to create a circle with the tip of the wire, basically used as a set with wire. It does not make sense not to use caulking according to the diameter of the wire. In addition, the tightening will use the special tool

※ For information on how to use wire and crimping here

Rod

The conditions are limited to some extent, in some cases a combination of hanging pipe and single pipe joint. Hanging high strength, but also easy adjustment, Ino is a drawback, but the look Gotsu.

Instead of the pipe material, you may use the long screws. If the length of the screw, you can fine-tune the position of the nut is merit. Strength will drop slightly compared to the pipe material.

Metal fittings

Heaton

Hanging brackets are sold in the typical average, such as 100. Depending on the weight of the hanging material and embed opponent, strength is not hanging so high.

Kang S

Like Heaton, hanging bracket is also familiar in the household. There are various sizes, shapes.

Shackle

Opening and closing bracket is part of the screw is turned. There is no danger of falling because there is no gap as S Heaton and cans, for high reliability.

Spring hook

Also known as the carabiner. There are a variety of shapes and sizes, but also high reliability can be easily hooked is characterized.

Eyebolt

Head bolt screw is turned in a ring shape. There is something similar with the nut (= Ainatto).

Wire clip

Bracket is tightened through two wires. Turn your effectiveness so you can remove, unlike caulking. For safety reasons, the two places I want to use one per location.

Wire hook

Through the wire in brackets, you can freely adjust the height. Load capacity is not so big, it will not work if it is about the plane of the normal problem. There is also a type with a stopper for dropout prevention.

Clamp

Brackets can not be used in place like, you may also be used as hanging clamp bracket usually like to use as a tool. When tightening, be careful not to damage the target.

Hook for lighting rail

When you want to use rail suspended from the lighting to install lighting fixtures primarily. For load-bearing strength of the hook is in conjunction with, let's make sure the strength of the rail itself.

Anchor

Anchor is the bottom bracket holes in the ceiling or a wall or other structure, the nuts and bolts driven into the structure. Can not be recovered because basically you type them, in principle, such as galleries may not have the opportunity to use the current return.

Use by type (such as hollow or secretly) changes of material structure and state.

Magnet Hook

If the iron-based substrate, it is also hanging in the power of the magnet. If those of neodymium magnets have been around for cheaper in recent years, can withstand a certain amount of weight.

Only as a characteristic of the magnet, suction force that is weaker than the vertical direction in the horizontal direction is better be careful.

Leeds lock

Can handle without any tools, metal wire is dedicated bracket. And once through, it can be fixed in the direction of one side is locked.

Adjustment bracket

Turnbuckle

When hanging on the wire, is essential when fine-tune the tilt and height. For one screw has left-hand thread, making it the length of the entire mechanism is changed by turning the central part of the consolidation. (You can see the ceiling, such as a wire grid) can also be used to apply tension to the wire if you pass between two points.


How to Standard suspension

A hanging point

Hanging in the simplest way, but also easier such as the calculation of load capacity, by reason of the "easy around" "easy swing", but does not often found. In a sense, will choose how to use if the shake "" turn "" the need.

Two-point suspension

Standard way of case work such as hanging the plane. Although it is somewhat wasted in the wire, depending on the load capacity of the slope adjustment is easy and with only one book.

4-point suspension

If hanging a standard way of equipment such as projectors. Even more than the height and tilt adjustment, it put the load evenly to the four wires is difficult, and is intended for advanced users.

Acrylic

Acrylic

Resin material is rich in the kinds of shapes and colors, also easy to process. Transparency is higher than the glass, also known as the "queen of plastics". Resistant to shock, even if it is safe compared to the glass cracking. Is a drawback with a metal wood or of becoming a tool must be different during the processing, compatibility with laser processing machine is a machine of the new generation has become easy to handle in recent years is good, and degree of completion and degrees of freedom high processing has become possible.


Kinds of acrylic (color and shape)

Acrylic plate

Acrylic plate-like material. Thickness and also the most abundant color variations, is also various size that can be purchased by the dealer.

Acrylic bar

Long ones is difficult to obtain compared to metal or wood, there are also several kinds of thickness and shape. There are pipe-shaped objects and, those that are formed into a ring.

Geometric shapes

You can look at various types and sizes, such as spheres and cubes, and geometric forms of acrylic material.

Special shape

Characteristics of acrylic and can say from applications such as acrylic case, also many other shapes that are not material. Certain goods and dome-shaped as shown in the photograph, such as a hollow sphere of a combination of the hemisphere, are various kinds.

Glass color

For use in many cases a substitute for acrylic glass, acrylic is also colored to look like glass.

Acrylic light collection

Acrylic react to black light, has been sold primarily in the sphere and plate.


Kinds of acrylic (formula)

Even in the same acrylic material, can be classified into material "cast" and "extruded" in the difference on the process. Difference of the main features are as follows.

Extruded Advantage
  • Excellent dimensional accuracy of the plate thickness.
  • Have excellent adhesion. Opposite to that (how to dissolve the adhesive) adhesive solvent.
  • Easy-to-heat bending.
  • Is inexpensive.
Disadvantages
  • Easy to warp slightly because of the low hardness compared to cast
  • (Crack) is easy to enter, and cracks in the chemical solution
  • (Because the melt is overheated area) are not suitable for processing high-speed cutting
  • * There is also a plate made of a continuous type, such as crack is hard to enter, easy to process

Cast material Advantage
  • There is a hardness compared to the extrusion (less camber).
  • Less contamination of the crack compared to the extrusion.
  • Heat-consuming process in place, such as saw cutting is easy to electric.
Disadvantages
  • Low adhesive strength adhesive takes time to solvent compared to the extrusion
  • Variations in plate thickness easy to get
  • Is expensive


Processing

The basic processing for acry-ya.com because it is introduced in detail is, to a reference there. I think here is if you can introduce a method of processing other than to reverse it.

Staining

Acrylic cloth can be like "dye" that. Not good at painting people, who are dyed will be able to get the simple and beautiful finish. There is also some kind of color. Can be purchased at about ¥ 700 at Tokyu Hands.

You can also "dyed" partial to the masking material.

※ can expect a strong odor while working, let's wear a mask to make sure a good ventilation.

Processing cases

IROMIZU

Relatively new coloring material that is produced and sold chemical Nakagawa. You use it like a cutting paste to acrylic sheet. Without losing a sense of transparency of the acrylic, you can change the color. Will be the synthesis of colors like watercolors and stacked up. Variation of the color is rich, about ¥ 700 one at Tokyu Hands.

IROMIZU color swatch

Glues & Tapes

There are various types separately drying time, or another adhesive material also. In recent years, thus it has to be used in concrete blocks of material, such as interior and architectural bollards, improved reliability is remarkable.
For reference because it lists the typical ones are commercially available below.

A typical adhesive

The most common bond bond woodwork woodwork. Packages are also many large and small. Type drying time is shorter than the bond on the left take woodwork bond (fast drying). Versatile type of adhesive material can be bonded to a variety of super-X. Reliable guy called "Getting Help." Some quick-dry type. To be bonded together by dissolving the acrylic adhesive acrylic, acrylic adhesive only. For a low degree of viscosity like water, a little tricky. Because the place is painted white and cloudy, non-dripping and also Heko feelings.

Be used in mixing the two liquid epoxy adhesive base compound and curing agent. Adhesive force is strong, the strength of strong after curing. Common (Photo 5 minutes) over those that are divided into separate product curing time. Large-capacity version of epoxy adhesive on the left (large) and an epoxy adhesive. (Leather, synthetic rubber, urethane foam, cloth, paper) used in the adhesion of soft G clear. Unobtrusive part adhesive is transparent, so keep a flexible film even after the adhesion, it is possible to take advantage of as it is the texture of cloth or leather. GP Clear Plastic (polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon sheet, ABS, such as FRP) for bonding.

Professional multi-purpose adhesive for interior construction is also used, such as G10. Suitable for bonding various fancy plywood adhesive, rigid plastic board, between the metal plate, wood, slate, board PC, of ​​concrete. Powerful type of G17G10. Loctite adhesive for locking of the screw. If it has red and green gel-like thing to open the threaded portion of the existing appliances, no doubt this first. And what is not there is something that can be re-adhesion. By the generic name of quick-drying glue adhesive to cure, there are various kinds. Adhesive strength is generally inferior compared to those cured over time.


Also supplies adhesive tape as a familiar one, there are various types to suit another purpose. Common because most cases are dropped, or adhesion, and over a long time, has come to extend beyond sticky adhesive component is to be used as "temporarily". Want to remember as a curing and because some applications such as cables for masking, such as shielding, not to other adhesive.

Tapes typical

Cellophane tape made of Scotch tape. Although familiar as office supplies, etc. can be used for the purpose of tools is not much. During the construction and interior move curing tape, tape for curing so as not to damage or contaminate another part of. Attractive low-moderate adhesion. Can be cut straight by hand, come in handy because something inexpensive. There are several variations of color, generally green and white. Commonly used in packing cardboard packing tape. There is a roughly made of paper and cloth. Cloth is more durable adhesion is generally high, rich color variations also. Tape for paint masking tape to mask. Adhesion is low, and rich in variations of the tape width. Familiar to prep raw art.

Somewhat thick vinyl tape vinyl tape. Rich color variations. "Insulating tape" when used for electrical insulation. As a member of a separate adhesive double-sided tape, for interior and exterior from office until, There are various kinds. Powerful and expensive type generally thick. Excellent light shielding tape perm cell, use the camera's shooting mainly as auxiliary. General color but black, white or beige also. As a supplement to, but slightly different flavor cutting sheet. Tape a sheet of rich color variations. Commonly used such as the sign of the glass surface. With the robo and craft, as it is the digital data can also be cut.

Metal

There are various types of wood and metals as well <br /> metals, point you should be aware When processing is different. Here are a type of loosely often used in installations and sculptures.


Aluminum

A typical aluminum is resistant to corrosion because the processing is easy to light even in the metal, which is often used also in three-dimensional works. Also say that inexpensive, and materials for students appreciate that many dealers. The disadvantage is the (frame) is a work with misgivings Weight structure of weak intensity, degree of difficulty is higher welding. Because it is non-ferrous metal, magnet does not work also. For aluminum alloy, type changes or change the characteristics of the added elements, Kaware if the added amount (for example, duralumin). I also want to try to see when turning to aluminum have become accustomed to the handling of aluminum, and for general use are different.

Aluminum board

Tokyu Hands is not just the size, etc., plates have been closed many, including the type of aluminum. Drilled holes in the grid ( punching and some have been).

Aluminum round bar

The retailers also see if a small diameter, often from shop to order the steel and become large ones. Can be easily purchased at any (net sales) Monotaro.

Aluminum pipe

Two species of round pipe and square pipes mainly. There are many types of each even thickness.

Aluminum channel

Rods that are processed into shaped or U-shaped L. Some of the special shape that is processed for the housing of such equipment.
Reference standard


Brass (brass)

Alloy of copper and zinc. Processing as well as aluminum and easy to, characterized by a distinctive yellow sheen. It is difficult to Bali during the drilling minute "stickiness" is small compared to aluminum, and cutting. And carefully polished gloss beautiful , but to show, for rust prone to discoloration, in order to maintain anti-corrosive treatment is required. In retail stores because it is treated as primarily for the craft, there are many smaller size and diameter. In addition, the material commonly used as various parts of the decorative. Because the non-ferrous metals like aluminum brass also, does not react to a magnet. In addition, considerable training is required for welding but possible. For heavy specific gravity, will also to the role of weight at the same time as the decoration.

Brass plate

Tokyu Hands is not just the size, etc., plates have been closed many, including the type of aluminum. Drilled holes in the grid ( punching and some have been).

Brass round bar

The retailers also see if a small diameter, often from shop to order the steel and become large ones. Can be easily purchased at any (net sales) Monotaro.

Brass pipe

Two species of round pipe and square pipes mainly. There are many types of each even thickness.


Iron

In the most common metal, has been processed into various forms out there. For high strength compared to the above-mentioned metal, also easy to weld processing, including, for ease of deployment framework and frames. It is also easy to rust as well as brass and iron, care must be taken fall dramatically since the case of iron strength and corrosion progresses.

Iron plate

It also sells such as Tokyu Hands, some of the big ones to buy and thickness of steel in the shop. Drilled holes in the grid ( punching and some have been).

Round bar iron

The retailers also see if a small diameter, often from shop to order the steel and become large ones. Can be easily purchased at any (net sales) Monotaro.

Iron pipe

Two species of round pipe and square pipes mainly. There are many types of each even thickness. The case of "single pipe" for the scaffolding of a construction site, many easy-to-use clamp-type joint that has been standardized, so very inexpensive.

Angle channel

Rods that are processed into shaped or U-shaped L. Use as building materials will be to the Lord.


Stainless

Was somewhat blackish silvery metal than aluminum. Very hard, to the processing of specialty tools are required, respectively. In some cases you want to use to consider also be outsourced to professional fabricators. For very resistant to corrosion, that are frequently used physics and chemistry equipment, such as cookware as its name suggests. Also, how they are different depending on the application of surface treatment.

Stainless plate

It also sells such as Tokyu Hands, some of the big things and thickness at the shop to buy stainless steel professional. For very hard, dedicated processing tools are required.

Stainless steel round bar

The retailers also see if a small diameter, often from shop to order the steel and become large ones. Same plate, machining difficult here.

Stainless steel pipe

Commonly found, such as handrails. Be divided into two types of "all stainless steel pipe" and "(which was wrapped in a thin stainless steel plate iron pipe) stainless steel pipe wound" large.


Copper

In a simple metal reddish, soft, easy-to-well processing. Excellent electrical conductivity, for inexpensive yet be used to base materials and wiring of electronic equipment. Also for the excellent thermal conductivity, heat radiation is also used in parts of waste heat, such as the heatsink also. Also widely use as a catalyst compounds and will also raw materials of various alloys.

Copper plate

It also sells such as Tokyu Hands, some of the big ones to buy and thickness of steel in the shop. Also be used for master of copperplate engravings.

Round copper rod

The retailers also see if a small diameter, often from shop to order the steel and become large ones.

Copper pipe

Often seen in the piping of the gas. Joint can also be used if the various parts Awasere standards.

Woods

For wood

Wood also said in a word, (composition), suppliers and cost, such as by treatment (Applications), which handles or glued laminated timber or for craft or architecture for (size, shape), or solid wood rod or plate or How to change also. Here are a type of loosely often used in installations and sculptures.


Kind plywood (veneer)

And plywood, the plate was bonded while crossing the grain a few sheets of veneer. Common scenario plywood and lauan plywood, softwood plywood is mainly. Some paint has been applied to the surface.

The most common inexpensive plywood surface of lauan plywood. This type also "control panel" is also used when pouring concrete formwork at a construction site. Eyes small compared to the fair with lauan plywood surface of the die. There are many in that scenario. Lauan in the surface. A certain scenario one side, both sides also have Cena. More expensive than lauan plywood. Plywood inexpensive building materials to the main purpose of the surface of softwood plywood. Many milestone, lack of smoothness. Varies depending on the thickness of the number of stacked per cross-sectional view of a lauan / Shinabeniya. Shinabeniya photo on both sides.


Kind wooden board

And particle board, a kind of wooden board and then mixed with a small piece of wood glue, and heat molding type. Are broadly classified by the size of the timber cut (the fineness of the eyes), cut is smaller in the order of OSB> particle board> MDF. There is no village so small cutting board, but also small individual differences, at the same time weaken in moisture.

Many building materials used, etc. (Oriented Strand Board) OSB, enters the hand at low cost. Its unique texture is also a charm. Drawback is not so much the type of thickness. Are often used in furniture that is mass produced particle board. Type is small, but also that rare treat at home centers. Some roughness on the inside and a different surface. MDF is easy to enter it in the hands of kind (Medium Density Fiberboard) fiber board MDF. Relatively inexpensive and high workability, wide selection of the thickness. Because nailing is not suitable, the assembly is done also mixes adhesive. Be aware that the extremely weak to water. Thing as a core material was arranged several small lumber core rods, plates were processed into a thin plate crawling on the surface. Close to the laminated wood veneer stuck on the surface. Plate surface but generally die, and some other timber that can be used.


Rod

Which is often used in building materials (rafters) rafter. Can be purchased at home centers, into the hand at low cost. Warping and distortion so many, at the time of purchase you want to buy something beautiful state as possible. Being used as building materials like wood rafters SPF. The original standard of the United States, "inches" instead of "long" unit. 2 × 4 but the most common standard, there are variations such as 1 × 4,2 × 8 others. The numbers represent the length of the vertical x horizontal cross-section. [SPF] are taken from the initials and the main ingredient in spruce, pine, fir of the way.


For wood craft

For various rod for construction bars for Craft, come in handy when you need a finer rod. Such as Tokyu Hands is also rich type has been discontinued, some cylindrical, quadrangular prism, and triangular prism shape. There are many that can primarily in ramin. Many are dealing with special shape for craft materials such as Tokyu Hands. As diverse as a triangular prism, cone, pyramid, cylinder and semi-cylinder four-sided pyramid shape three-sphere or cube. Known as the world's most lightweight balsa wood, which is often used to model, such as for from the height of its workability.


Natural wood

To fine furniture and musical instruments, there are many things (solid wood) is used natural wood veneer or particle board, unlike. Type is rich, take a look at different colors and grain pattern. Of course, expensive, but also large individual differences Unlike laminated wood, laminated wood that is not grace and beauty if you can take advantage of in the right place can be obtained.


Standard of board

Such as Tokyu Hands is that selling is a plate was cut into various sizes, if you want to buy from shops and lumber and home center, at the rated scale 6 × length 3 (910mm × 1820mm) (base plate Saburoku known). Some (Shihachi plate) as the standard 4 feet 8 × larger scale, (which is handled by the shop, such as timber are dealing with construction materials) in the home improvement is not handled first. The natural wood is like the above are not standard. Professional or shop timber, such as Tokyu Hands also see some to handle.

Bolts, Threads & Screws

ネジやボルトは、別々の素材を繋げるための部品です。接着剤と違って付け外しがきき、特殊なモノでなければ購入場所も選ばないので便利です。また、タップ・ダイスを使えば好きな形状の素材に自分でネジを組み込むこともできます。以下に市販されている代表的なモノをリストアップしているので参考まで。

代表的なネジ・ボルト類

Pan head screw

The most common screw.

Countersunk head screw

Use to member "Countersink" is. For flat, remains of the plane is kept whole head.

Round countersunk head screw

Type of screw head is rounded small dish.

Truss

The base of the head is wider than the pan-head machine screws are also used as decoration.

Bind

Have become part of the trapezoidal head, truss head is lower than that.

Hexagon bolt

Intensive or more thick with screws M6. Monkey wrench in order to be tightened firmly, binding force is stronger than normal screws.

Screw cap

Be tightened with a wrench for hexagonal, are tightly than normal screws.

Sarah cap screws

Dish-shaped cap screws

Button cap screws

Cap screws on the truss type

Enamel screw

There is no head, type of screw tightened with an Allen wrench. Which is often used, such as bearings of the motor, put the screws to the curved surface in the case.


Nuts typical

Nut

最も一般的なナット。面取りされている方が表になるように締める。両面とも面取りされているものもある。

薄型ナット

薄型のタイプ。

袋ナット

ナットの上部がドーム上に覆われているタイプ。ネジ先を隠すことができる。

Butterfly nut

Types that can be tightened with your fingers.

A demon eye nut

By hammer at the wood, which can be screwed directly to the wood. The bottom hole put a hole slightly smaller than eye nut use demon.

Demon eye nut B

A nut is easier to implant than the demon eyes.

Demon eye nut (hexagonal)

Screwed to the wood type in the hex wrench go.

Ainatto

Nut with a metal ring. In many cases when used as a bracket to hang and work.


Washer typical kind (washer)

Washer (washer)

The most common washer. In most cases, mounted on both sides of the screw and nut. If you tighten the wood in particular, there are serious consequences that the screw head sinks to the wood without a washer and tightened strongly.

Spring washer

With this washer, be difficult in the force of the spring loose. In most cases, in conjunction with normal washer.

Rosette washer

Dish can be put on the screws by sandwiching the washer against this material can not be "Countersink".


Tapping typical kind

タッピングネジ

木材どうしをつなぎあわせる時に使う。つなぎ方によっては木材に下穴をあけないと、ねじ込んだ時に木材が割れてしまうことがある。釘に比べて結合力は強い。

ドリルタッピング

ネジ先が金工ドリルの様になっている。金属のフレームに木材のパネルを直接うち付けるなど非常に便利。


ネジ・ボルトの規格

Or standard screw is represented by <1ms> and <inches> in general. If you want to use the mainstream in Japan <1ms> type. Commonly found at home centers, such as are sold, the screw,

<M* × **>

The notation is equivalent to <the length of the screw> <the thickness of the screw> and <× **> is <M*>. In this case, the screw head is not included in the length of the screw (left).
For example, if it is referred to as <M3 × 40>, and (L) = 40mm (M) = 3mm, the thickness of the screw thread length.

ネジに使われる素材としては、「鉄(メッキ加工)」と「ステンレス」が主流だが、装飾用で「真ちゅう製」「銅製」のものや、プラスチック(アクリル、ジュラコン)製のものもある。